From NKAA, Notable Kentucky African Americans Database (main entry)
Immigration from the West Indies to Kentucky, USA [1930]
GO TO:Introduction / 1850 / 1860 / 1870 / 1880 / 1890 / 1900 / 1910 / 1920 / 1930 / 1940 / 1950
---------------1930---------------------------------------------
* January 17, 1920 – December 5, 1933. Prohibition in the United States. The law prohibited the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages. During prohibition in the United States, millions of cases of liquor were smuggled from Cuba and other islands across the U.S. southern coastline. African American leaders in the U.S. supported prohibition. Most distilleries in Kentucky were shut down, while there was an increase in bootlegging and the making and distribution of moonshine in Kentucky. SOURCES: Aaron, Paul, and Musto, David. "Temperance and Prohibition in America: A Historical Overview." National Academies Press (US), 1981. (Published online at National Library of Medicine); Dorr, Lisa Lindquist. "A Thousand Thirsty Beaches: Smuggling Alcohol from Cuba to the South during Prohibition." New West Indian Guide, 03 June 2020. (Online publication); Schrad, Mark Lawrence. "The Forgotten History of Black Prohibitionism." Politico, 02 June 2021; Kentucky Moonshine - History and folklore, a SKD Distillery webpage (online).
* 1929-1939. The Great Depression impacted all people around the world. Over 12 million people in the United States were unemployed. African Americans had disproportionally higher unemployment, along with racial discrimination, violence, poverty, and less access to relief efforts. The same was true for those in Eastern Kentucky. Resources were diminished and new immigrants were less welcomed. Some foreign-born persons were deported and others left voluntarily. In the West Indies, there was economic hardships with social and political insercurities. SOURCES: Pells, Richard H., and Romer, Christina D. "Great Depression." 11 March 2025. A Britannica webpage (online); Murphy, Mary-Elizabeth B. "African Americans in the Great Depression and New Deal." Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History. Oxford University Press, November 19, 2020.; Race Relations in the 1930s and 1940s, a Library of Congress webpage (online); Hard Times and New Deal in Kentucky by George T. Blakey; Basdeo, Sahadeo. "The "Radical" Movement towards decolonization in the British Caribbean in the thirties." Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies / Revue canadienne des études latino-américaines et caraïbes, vol.22, no.44 (1997)
* "From 1930 to 1950, the foreign-born population of the United States declined from 14.2 million to 10.3 million, or from 11.6 percent to 6.9 percent of the total population. The population loss reflected the extremely low level of immigration during the 1930s and 1940s." SOURCE: Campbell J. Gibson and Emily Lennon. Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-born Population of the United States: 1850-1990. February 1999. United States Census Bureau. (online).
* The African American population in Kentucky decreased from 226,040 in 1930 to 214,031 in 1940. The foreign-born population in Kentucky decreased from 22,007 in 1930 to 15,744 in 1940. Among the foreign-born in Kentucky in 1930, there were 68 noted as Negroes. SOURCES: Table 32. Kentucky - Race and Hispanic Origin: 1790 to 1990, September 13, 2002, by the U.S. Census Bureau (online); Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung. Historical census statistics on the foreign-born population of the United States, 1850 to 2000. Working Paper No.81. Bureau of the Census. Population Division. (online); Negroes in the United States, 1920-1932 by Charles E. Hall, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
* In the 1930 U.S. Census, the number of persons born in the West Indies, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, and living in Kentucky barely decreased from about 110 persons in 1920 to about 100 persons in 1930. Some of their names are below. Adults who had been children when brought to Kentucky after the Spanish-American War, 1898, are noted with the word (CHILD) written in bold letters. The notation (CHILD) is also used to note other children living in Kentucky with someone other than their parents.
NAMES:
Edna S. Dumont Arnett (1901-2001), enumerated as white and born in Kingston, Jamaica. She arrived in New Orleans, LA, in 1919 aboard the SS Lake Callisoon. She was the wife of Harold G. Arnett, an attorney. The couple lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County) in 1930. Edna S. D. Arnett died and is buried in Hillcrest Memorial Park in Lexington, KY (Fayette County).
Baldomero Pedro Mérito Acosta (1896-1963), enumerated as white and born in Municipio de Bauta, Artemisa, Cuba. He was a professional baseball player who came to the United States in 1912. He played for the Louisville Colonels and several other teams during his career. Baldomero Acosta was one of the first Cuban baseball players to play in the U.S. Major League. He also played in the Cuban League and was inducted into the Cuban Hall of Fame in 1955. Baldomero Acosta and his family lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), in 1930. He was the husband of Nancy Lee Bennett and the couple had their third son in 1932. Baldomero Acosta died in Miami, FL, and is buried in Memorial Plan Flagler Memorial Park.
Delfin Aguilera (1891-1983), enumerated as white and born in Mayarí, Cuba. He was a widower in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), and lived with the brothers Francisco Gonzalez De Riancho and Atanasio De Riancho. Delfin Aguilera arrived in New York in 1913 aboard the SS Magdalena. He died in Dade County, FL.
Alex Anderson (b.1895), enumerated as black and born in Cuba. He came to the United States in 1900. He lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), with his sister Nellie Anderson Ramsey and her husband John Ramsey. Alex Anderson was an electrician.
Francisco Revier Baird (1888-1942), enumerated as white and born in Puerto Rico. He was a WWI veteran. Francisco R. Baird was a coal miner in Harlan County, KY, in 1930. He was the husband of Ollie Miller Baird, and the couple had four children. Francisco Baird died in Washington, D.C. and is buried in Jacksboro City Cemetery in Jacksboro, TN.
Ethel Ballard (b.1898), enumerated as black and born in the British West Indies. She was the wife of James Ballard and was employed as a nurse. She and her husband lived at the YMCA in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). Ethel Ballard came to the United States in 1921.
Arthur W. Beck (b.1900), enumerated as white and born in the West Indies. He was the husband of Beatrice Beck and the couple had a son. Arthur W. Beck was an auto painter in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County).
Joseph Preston Blades (1875-1864), enumerated as black and born in Barbados. He was the husband of Edith Lucile Frazier Blades and the family of six lived in Bowling Green, KY (Warren County). Joseph P. Blades was a minister. He died and is buried in Columbus, OH.
John Brown (b.1906), enumerated as black and born in the West Indies. He worked with racehorses in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). He was a boarder at the home of William and Clara Reid.
Sam Buscow (b.1905), enumerated as black and born in the Bahamas. He came to the United States in 1918. He was a railroad laborer in Hazard, KY (Perry County). Sam Buscow was a boarder at the lodging house of Lattie Hicks.
Alex Chadida (b.1878), enumerated as black and born in Puerto Rico. He was a coal miner in Haymond and Millstone, KY (Letcher County). He was a lodger at the home of James and Johnie Royal from Alabama.
Felipe Chelala (b.1906), enumerated as white and born in Cuba. He was a lodger at the home of William and Aileen Tucker in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). He was employed as a newspaper artist at the Herald Post. Felipe Chelala came to the United States in 1928.
Isoma Christian (b.1903), enumerated as black and born in Puerto Rico. He was a school teacher in Glade, KY (Madison County). He was the husband of Ethel Christian and the couple had two children in 1930.
J. Bennett Clark (b.1841), enumerated as white and born in Barbados. He was a widowed grandfather who lived with the Roy M. Keal family in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). J. Bennett Clark came to the United States in 1870.
Will Clark (b.1890), enumerated as black and born in Cuba. He was a section hand on the I. C. Railroad in Waverly, KY (Union County). His father was from South Carolina and his mother was Cuban.
(CHILD) Santiago Leon Cole (1887-1978), see in 1910 above.
Casoy Collicudie (b.1908) and Victor Collicudie (b.1910), both were enumerated as white and born in Cuba. The brothers were lodgers at the home of Mays and Josephine Hill in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County).
Leonard J Combs, Sr. (1907-1980), see in 1910 above.
Ethelbert Fitz Randolph Cox (1894-1988), enumerated as black and born in Port of Spain, Trinidad. He was a physician in Paris, KY (Bourbon County), then moved on to Paducah, KY (McCracken County). Dr. E. T. Cox came to the United States in 1919. He was the husband of Susie Francis Cox in 1930. Dr. Ethelbert F. R. Cox died in Paducah and is buried in the Oak Grove Cemetery.
James R. Cunningham (1853-1943), see in 1860 above.
Virgilia Cenvas Del Toro (b.1903), enumerated as white and born in Puerto Rico. She was a sister and a teacher at Nazareth College in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County).
Clevia Deolevida (b.1910) and Jaminez Deolevida (b.1906), the couple were enumerated as white with both born in Cuba. Clevia came to the United States in 1929, and her husband, Jaminez arrived in 1925. He was a baseball player with a Louisville team. The couple lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County).
Carlos Manuel Dominicis (1892-1977), enumerated as white and born in Holguin, Cuba. He arrived in New York aboard the SS Magdelena in 1913. Carlos M. Dominicis was employed as an elevator operator in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), in 1930. He was the husband of Rebecca Dominicis. Carlos M. Dominicis died in New Albany, IN, and is buried Milltown, IN.
Henry Lester Durrant (1878-1948), enumerated as white and born in St. Vincent. He came to the United States in 1891. Henry Durrant served during WWI, he was a U.S. Army chaplain. He was the rector at St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), in 1930. Rev. Dr. Henry L. Durrant died in Anderson, S.C. and is buried in Pendleton, S.C.
Charles Fisher (b.1887), see in 1920 above.
Jesse Galinda (b.1895), enumerated as white and born in Puerto Rico. He was a coal miner in Pike County, KY. He was the husband of Mary Galinda.
Ivan Israel Gale (1884-1936), enumerated as white and born in Barbados. He came to the United States in 1898. He and his wife Maude L. Gale lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), in 1930. Ivan I. Gale was a school teacher. He died and is buried in Resthaven Cemetery in Louisville.
Robert Ernest Garst (1919-2004) and Rebecca Mary Garst Mason (1921-2014), the siblings were enumerated as white and born in Havana, Cuba. They had come to the United States in 1925. They were the children of Ernest and Maude Garst. The family of six lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), in 1930. Ernest Garst had been an engineer in Cuba and was an engineer in Louisville. His son Robert E. Garst would become a mechanical engineer and was president of Garst-Receveur Construction Company for 50 years. In 1950, he lived with his wife, Mary P. Radcliffe Garst, and their son in Louisville. Robert E. Garst died in Louisville and is buried in Resthaven Memorial Cemetery. Rebecca Mary Garst was the wife of Charles D. Mason who was a safety engineer with an insurance company. The couple and their two sons lived in New Orleans, LA, in 1950. Rebecca Mary Garst Mason died in Pinellas County, FL and is buried in Sylvan Abbey Memorial Park in Clearwater, FL.
N. Grant Giddens (b.1881), enumerated as black and born in Jamaica. He was a coal mine loader in Wheelwright, KY (Floyd County). He came to the United States in 1897.
(CHILD) Joseph Gleece (1883-1942), see in 1910 above.
Clarence Glover (b.1887), see in 1920 above.
Hector M. Gonzalez (b.1908), enumerated as white and born in Puerto Rico. He was a medical student in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). He was a lodger at the home of Joseph and Josephine Hall.
Raymond Gutierez (b.1885), enumerated as white and born in Puerto Rico. He was the husband of Mary Walker Gutierez, and the couple had three children. They all lived with Mary's parents, Francis and Maude Walker, and other family members in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). Raymond Gutierez did odd jobs.
James Harrison (b.1885), enumerated as black and born in Puerto Rico. He was a janitor at an apartment building in Paducah, KY (McCracken County). He roomed at the building managed by Beatrice Majors.
Bishop Hasley (b.1892), enumerated as black and born in Haiti. He was an inmate in the Kentucky State Penitentiary in Frankfort, KY (Franklin County).
Wade Hampton Heavey (1902-1961), enumerated as white and born in Mayaguey, Puerto Rico. His father, Brigadier General John W. Heavey, and the family were stationed in Puerto Rico after the Spanish-American War, 1898. Wade H. Heavey was the husband of Eliza Bennett and the couple had one child in 1930. They lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). Wade H. Heavey was employed as an insurance agent. He would serve in the U.S. Army during WWII and was a retired Colonel. He was a West Point graduate, as was his father and two brothers. Wade H. Heavey died at Fort Belvoir, VA, and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
George Edward Henry (b.1926), enumerated as white and born in Cuba. He was the son of Victor P. and Mary Ellen Henry. The family lived in Havana, Cuba, where Victory P. Henry, served as a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. In 1930, the family of five lived in Hardinsburg, KY (Breckinridge County), and Victor Henry was a minister. In 1940, the family lived in Horse Cave, KY (Hart County). In 1950, the family lived in Columbus, KY (Hickman County), where Victor P. Henry was president of Lindsey Wilson College.
Francis Richard Kennedy, Sr. (1883-1964), enumerated as white and born in Jamaica. He came to Boston, MA, in 1902 aboard the SS Admiral Farragut. He was the husband of Ellen Sheltman Kennedy. Francis R. Kennedy, Sr. was secretary of the YMCA in Paris, KY (Bourbon County). He died and is buried in the Paris Cemetery in Paris, KY.
(CHILD) Andrew Deno Knight (1891-1953), see in 1890 above.
Slyvester Knoerr (1846-1931), see in 1880 above.
(CHILD) Josephine Konri (b.1916), enumerated as white and born in Puerto Rico. She was a ward of the Convent of the Good Shepherd in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), in 1930. The convent was a home for homeless and at-risk girls and women.
Ina Muniz Connerly Lawrence (b.1902), enumerated as white and born in Puerto Rico. She was the wife of Orion James Lawrence and the couple had two children in 1930 when they lived in Ashland, KY (Boyd County). Orion J. Lawrence was a Seventh-Day Adventist minister. By 1940, Ina C. Lawrence was a widow living in Washington, D.C. with Alice M. Stone. She was a trained nurse.
Orion Brenton Lawrence (1927-2019), enumerated as white and born in Nassau, Bahamas. He was the son of Ina C. and minister Orion J. Lawrence. The family of four lived in Ashland, KY (Boyd County), in 1930. Orion B. Lawrence would become the husband of Ann M. Lawrence. He died in Napa, CA, and is buried in Paradise Cemetery in Paradise, CA.
Edwin Jackson Laymon (1900-1986), enumerated as white and born in Santiago, Cuba. He was the husband of Ella Mae Laymon. Edwin J. Laymon was a switchman on the railroad in Covington, KY (Kenton County). He died in Campbell County, KY, and is buried in the Highland Cemetery in Fort Mitchell, KY (Kenton County).
Mathew Lewis (b.1898), enumerated as black and born in Jamaica. He was a prisoner at the Kentucky State Penitentiary in Frankfort, KY (Franklin County).
Reginald Henry Stanley Livingston (1896-1974), enumerated as white and born in Kingston, Jamaica. He became a U.S. citizen in 1960. He was the husband of Evelyn Lyons Livingston, and the family of three lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), in 1930. Reginald H. S. Livingston was employed at the Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada. He died in Baltimore, MA, and is buried in Loudon Park Cemetery.
Joaquin Maranje (b.1892) see in 1920 above.
Foster Robert Martin (1907-1993), enumerated as white and born in Pinardel Rio, Cuba. He arrived in Florida in 1922 aboard the SS Gov. Cobb under the name Faustine Martin. He was a boarder at the home of John and Fannie Hansen in 1930. Foster R. Martin was a lathe hand at a machine shop in Covington, KY (Kenton County). He was the husband of Genevieve D. Martin. Foster R. and Genevieve D. Martin are buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Erlanger, KY (Kenton County).
Dolores Estella Pino Mead (b.1905), enumerated as white and born in Mayari, Cuba. She was the wife of Ira Cecil Mead, and they were the parents of Helen Meade and Lawrence Meade. The family lived in Cuba where Ira was an overseer at the Baja Farm in the Oriente Province, Cuba. The family moved to the United States in 1926. Dolores E. P. Mead and the children arrived in New York aboard the SS Zacapa. The Mead family and Dolores' sister, Ernesta Pino, lived in Henderson, KY (Henderson County), in 1930. Ira C. Mead was manager of an orchard.
Lawrence Calvin Mead (1925-1945) and Helen Natividad Mead Cooper (1923-2016), the siblings were enumerated as white and born in Herrera, Cuba. They were the children of Dolores E. Pino Meade and Ira C. Mead. The family lived in Henderson, KY (Henderson County), in 1930. Ira C. Mead was the manager of an orchard. The family lived in Indiana in 1940. Lawrence C. Mead died while serving in the U.S. Army during WWII. He is buried in the Manila American Cemetery and Memorial at Fort William McKinley, Philippines. Helen N. Mead was the wife of Lymon G. Cooper. The couple had two daughters in 1950. Helen N. M. Cooper died and is buried in Marshall, IL.
Angela Melbille (b.1886), enumerated as white and born in Jamaica. She was a teacher at the Mountain Settlement School in Harlan County, KY.
Carlos Manuel Miyares, Sr. (1900 -1973), enumerated as black and born in Havana, Cuba. He arrived in Key West, FL, in 1927 aboard the SS Governor Cobb. He was the husband of Severia Slaughter, and the family of four lived in Lexington, KY (Fayette County), in 1930. Carlos M. Miyares, Sr., was a racehorse laborer. He became a U.S. citizen in 1947. Carlos (Charles) M. Miyares, Sr. died and is buried in the Highland Cemetery in Lexington, KY.
(CHILD) Ralph Mochow (1888-1971), see in 1900 above.
Mary Moore (b.1895), enumerated as black and born in Cuba. She was the wife of Edward Moore. The couple lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). Edward Moore was a stableman at the race track.
Roy Morris (b.1894), enumerated as black and born in Cuba. He was the husband of Sussie Morris and the couple lived in Lexington, KY (Fayette County). Roy Morris was a delivery guy for a drug store.
Mary Elizabeth Greer Morton (1903-1986), see in 1910 above.
Clara Downs Mullins (1899-1938), enumerated as black and born in Havana, Cuba. Her father was from Florida and her mother was Cuban. Clara Mullins was the wife of Lewis Mullins, and the couple had two children. The family of five lived in Pike County, KY. Lewis Mullins was a coal mine loader.
James Murphy (b.1900), enumerated as black and born in the West Indies. He was a janitor for a family. James Murphy came to the United States in 1903. He was a boarder at the home of Willie Gray in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County).
Shady Nash aka John Harris (1882-1945), enumerated as black and born in the West Indies. He was a preacher in Lexington, KY (Fayette County). Nash was actually born in Alabama. His true identity was revealed in 1939 when he was held over to a federal grand jury for taxed-unpaid whisky. John Harris aka Shady Nash died in Lexington, KY.
Enrique Olmeda (1906-2003) enumerated as white and born in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. He was the husband of Elsie E. May Olmeda, and the couple had two children. The family lived in Hardin County, KY, where Enrique Olmeda was a soldier in the U.S. Army. Enrique Olmeda died in Crystal River, FL.
John L. Palmer (b.1893), enumerated as black and born in Jamaica. He was a grocery store manager in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), in 1930. He was the husband of Reba Palmer and they had a son. John L. Palmer was a veteran of WWI.
Hubert Payne (1888-1968), enumerated as black and born in Puerto Rico, or Barbados, or Trinidad. He was the husband of Lula Pierce Payne. The couple lived in Middletown, KY (Jefferson County) in 1930. Hubert Payne did odd jobs. He died in Anchorage, KY (Jefferson County) and is buried in Middletown Cemetery in Middletown, KY.
Ransom Pendleton (b.1902), enumerated as black and born in Cuba. He came to the United States in 1920. Ransom Pendleton was a broom maker in a factory in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). He was a lodger at the home of Henry and Bessie Currington.
Manuel Perez (b.1905), enumerated as white and born in Puerto Rico. He was a coal miner in Lynch, KY (Harlan County). He lived at a hotel managed by Howard Hayes.
Essie Amanda Ingraham Phillips (1890-1965), enumerated as white and born in Harbour Island, Bahamas. She came to the United States in 1911. She was the wife of Amos Phillips, Sr., who was an engineer with the steam railroad. The family of seven lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), in 1930. Essie A. I. Phillips died and is buried in Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville.
Ernesta Pino (b.1912), enumerated as white and born in Cuba. She arrived in the United States in 1927 and lived with her sister Delores Pino Mead and family in Henderson, KY (Henderson County).
James Ovitie "Plasclasovitie" (1893-1948), enumerated as black and born in Havana, Cuba. He came to the United States in 1914. He was the husband of Margaret M. Tirman Ovitie, and the couple lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). James Ovitie was a hatter in a hat shop. He served in the U.S. Army in WWII. James Plasclasovitie died in Louisville and is buried in Zachary Taylor National Cemetery in Louisville.
Josephine Anton Preston (1887-1991), see in 1920 above.
Felix Aguiar Raldon (b.1907), enumerated as black and born in Marianao, Cuba. He was lodged in the Jefferson County Jail in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), and was a stableman in the horse stable owned by the jail. In 1931, Felix A. Raldon was one of the 17 African Americans arrested as part of a federal investigation in Louisville, all were said to be selling narcotics. None of the 17 were addicts.
Andrew Ramirez (1899-1939), enumerated as white and born in Puerto Rico. He was a coal mine loader in Jenkins, KY (Letcher County). He was the husband of Lucy Ramirez. The couple had a daughter.
Nellie Anderson Ramsey (b.1898), enumerated as black and born in Cuba. She came to the United States in 1900. Nellie A. Ramsey was the sister of Alex Anderson and the wife of John S. Ramsey. The family lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). John S. Ramsey owned a tailoring shop.
Hubert Alonzo Reid (b.1870), see in 1920 above.
Marie Reichard (b.1872), enumerated as white and born in Puerto Rico. She was the mother of Josephine Reichard Schmitt. Mother, daughter, and husband Lee Schmitt, Jr., lived in Park Hills, KY (Kenton County).
P. Miro Renergis (b.1907), enumerated as white and born in Cuba. He was a clerk at a feed mill in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). He arrived in the United States in 1929 and was a lodger with Frank Brewer.
Lucy Harriett Jenkins Rhodes (1886-1973), enumerated as white and born in Jamaica. She was the wife of Ora Alford Rhodes who was manager of the J. C. Penny in Owensboro, KY (Daviess County). Lucy H. Rhodes died and is buried in the Rosehill Elmwood Cemetery in Owensboro, KY.
Atanasio Gonzales De Riancho, Jr. (1906-1992), enumerated as white and born in Holguin, Cuba. He came to the United States in 1914 and in 1930 lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), with his brother Francisco Gonzalez De Riancho and lodger Delfin Aguilera. Atanasio G. De Riancho, Jr. was a civil engineer and worked in construction. He was divorced and had several children. Atanasio G. De Riancho, Jr. died in Dayton, OH, and is buried in Vista Memorial Gardens in Miami Lakes, FL.
Francisco Gonzalez De Riancho (b.1901), enumerated as white and born in Holguin, Cuba. He came to the United States in 1925 aboard the SS Gov. Cobb. He was the brother of Atanasio Gonzales De Riancho, Jr. and they shared their home in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), with Delfin Aguilera. Francisco G. De Riancho was the husband of Isabelle Bickett Riancho and the couple had a son. They lived in Louisville, KY. The couple divorced in 1948. Francisco Riancho was an assistant engineer with the Black Star Coal Corporation in Alva, KY (Harlan County). He was also a partner in the Spanish-American Cigar Company in Louisville.
Ferdinand Castleman Robinson (1900-1952), in the 1930 U.S. Census, Ferdinand C. Robinson was enumerated as black and born in Cuba. He was actually born in Lexington, KY (Fayette County), the son of Susie and James Robinson. Ferdinand C. Robinson was living in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), and passing as Cuban in the 1930 and 1940 U.S. Census schedules. In the 1950 U.S. Census, Robinson was enumerated at black and born in Kentucky, as had been recorded in the 1900-1920 Census schedules. In 1952, Ferdinand C. Robinson died from a gunshot wound. He is buried at the Zachary Taylor National Cemetery in Louisville. He served in the U.S. Navy during WWII.
Yvonne Phillips Roeser (b.1916), enumerated as white and born in Cuba. She was the daughter of Joseph and Concha Phillips. The family of five lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). Joseph Phillips was a dentist. His daughter Yvonne Phillips would become the wife of Carl Henry Roeser.
Tony Rose (b.1890), enumerated as black and born in Jamaica. He was the husband of Virgiers Rose, and the family of four lived in Hazard, KY (Perry County), where Tony Rose was a coal miner in 1930. He was a coal miner with the Liggett Coal Company in Harlan, KY (Harlan County), in 1940.
Josephine Reichard Schmitt (1900-1936), enumerated as white and born in Puerto Rico. She was the wife of Lee Schmitt, Jr. In 1930, the family lived in Park Hills, KY (Kenton County).
John Serana (b.1892), enumerated as white and born in Puerto Rico. He was a cook at a hotel in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). He was a lodger at a rooming house run by Teresa Wilson.
James Haskell Standard (1899-1983), enumerated as white and born in Barbados. He came to the United States in 1905. In 1924 he married Alice P. Schetzler in New York. He was a salesman for the X-Ray Corporation in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). He and his wife were boarders with the Charles and Bertha Welsh family. James H. Standard is buried in Pine Shores Memorial Garden, in Sarasota, FL.
Charles Eversley Stewart (1890-1983), see in 1920 above.
Joe Summions (b.1902), enumerated as black and born in Cuba. He was the husband of Sidney Summions and the couple lived in Lexington, KY (Fayette County). Joe Summions was a horse groomsman at the Fair Grounds.
Forest Albert Sutherland (1909-1997) and John Pierson Sutherland (1911-1992), see in 1920 above.
James Terry Taylor, Sr. (1916-2009), enumerated as white and born in Cuba. He was the son of Wood and Gertrude Taylor. The family lived in Cuba and returned to the United States in 1921, having landed in New York aboard the SS Zacapa. The family of four lived in Cynthiana, KY (Harrison County), in 1930. Wood Taylor was an automobile dealer. His son, James Jerry Taylor, Sr., would become the husband of Emily Taylor and the family lived in OH. J. T. Taylor, Sr., was an engineer and was employed at the B. F. Goodrich Company for 40 years. James Terry Taylor, Sr. died in Akron, OH, and is buried at the Rose Hill Burial Park in Fairlawn, OH.
Daniel Thompson (b.1914), enumerated as white and born in Puerto Rico. He was an insurance policy expert in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). He was lodger at the home of Margaret Roper.
Manuel Torres (b.1901), enumerated as white and born in Puerto Rico. He was a soldier in the U.S. Army at Camp Knox (Fort Knox - Bullitt, Hardin, and Meade Counties). In 1940, he was stationed at Lawrence, IN.
Aida Varntia (b.1914) and Henry Varntia (b.1916), the siblings were enumerated as white and born in Puerto Rico. They were the children of Enrique and Pura Varntia. Enrique was an officer in the U.S. Army. The family lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), in 1930.
Enrique Varntia (b.1887), enumerated as white and born in Puerto Rico. He was an officer in the U.S. Army. He and his wife, Pura Varntia, and their children came to the U.S. mainland in 1917. The family lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), in 1930.
John Cromwell Walsh (1918-1991), enumerated as white and born in Cuba. He was the son of Arthur J. and Belle Cromwell Walsh. The couple were from Cynthiana, KY (Harrison County), and had lived in Cuba, where Arthur J. Walsh was employed in the sugar industry. The family returned to the United States and lived in Cynthiana in 1930. Arthur Walsh was a drug store manager. His son, John C. Walsh, was the husband of Helen Walsh and the family lived in Ohio. John C. Walsh died in Wyoming, OH, and is buried at the Battle Grove Cemetery in Cynthiana, KY.
Sidney Summers Williams (b.1875), see in 1900 above.
SOURCES: 1930 U.S. Census schedules; "Migration and Immigration during the Great Depression," US History II (American Yawp), SUNY OER Services (online); Ancestry; "Dr. Henry Durrant of Anderson dies," The Greenville News, 03/28/1948, p.B9; A Thousand Thirsty Beaches: Smuggling Alcohol from Cuba to the South during Prohibition by Lisa Lindquist Dorr. Online Review at Brill; "Man held to federal jury on liquor charge," The Lexington Sunday Herald Leader, 02/12/1939, p.36; D. I. Reid. "Colored Notes: John Harris (Rev. Shady Nash)" The Lexington Herald, May 7, 1945, p.7; see Francis Richard Kennedy, Sr., "List or Manifest of Alien Immigrants for the Commissioner of Immigration," Boston, Massachusetts, September 1902, List No.35 (Ancestry); see Foster Martin, Naturalization Declaration Records (Ancestry.com).
SOURCES: Find A Grave; "17 Arrested in drug case," The Courier-Journal, 10/06/1931, p.5; Mark Lawrence Schrad. "The Forgotten History of Black Prohibitionism: established history tells us that the temperance movement was driven by white evangelicals set out to discipline America’s Black and immigrant communities. Established history is wrong." Politico Magazine, 02/06/2021 (online); see Francisco Gonzalez De Riancho, Petition for Naturalization, no.2847 (Ancestry); "Spanish-American Cigar Company," The Courier-Journal, 10/16/1933, p.3; Table 32. Kentucky - Race and Hispanic Origin: 1790 to 1990, September 13, 2002, by the U.S. Census Bureau (online); Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung. "Population Division: Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-Born Population of the United States: 1850 to 2000." Working Paper No.81, February 2006. U.S. Census Bureau. (online); see Delfin Aguilera, List or Manifest of Alien Passengers for the United States, September 20, 1913 (Ancestry).
SOURCES: see Riancho in "Death Notices," The Miami Herald, 12/15/1992, p.4B; "'Cubie' Acosta again becomes proud papa," The Courier-Journal, 02/14/1932, Section 5, p.2; Chris Betsch. Merito Acosta. Society for American Baseball Research webpage (online).; see Robert Ernest Garst in "Obituaries," The Courier-Journal, 08/21/2004, p.B6; see Rebecca G. Mason in "Obituaries," Tampa Bay Times, 04/01/2014, p.6B; "Col. Wade Heavey, former Army Assistant Controller," The Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), 04/24/1961, p.B4; see Carlos M. Dominicis, Petition for Naturalization Record, No.2768 (Ancestry); see Dolores Estella Pino Mead and children, List or Manifest of Alien Passengers for the United States, List A1, June 15, 1926 (Ancestry); see James Taylor, List of United States Citizens (for the Immigration Authorities), p.117, August 4, 1921 (Ancestry); see J. Jerry Taylor, Sr. in "Memorials," Akron Beacon Journal, 07/26/2009, p.B7.
SOURCES: "Arthur J. Walsh dies in Cynthiana," The Lexington Herald, 09/04/1943, front page; see Carlos Manuel Miyares, Petition for Naturalization, No.182, April 3, 1933 (Ancestry); see "Charles M. Miyares" in "Local Deaths and Funerals," Sunday Herald-Leader, 12/09/1973, p.28; "New United States citizens," The Lexington Leader, 01/16/1947, front page; see Josephine Schmitt, Kentucky Death Certificate file# 5234; see Ivan I. Gale, Kentucky Death Certificate File #19204, Registered #3679; see Hubert Payne in "Louisville-Area deaths and funerals," The Courier-Journal, 05/22/1968, p.B3; see Joe Gleece in "Obituaries," The Knoxville Journal, 04/25/1942, p.10; 1940 Census of Population. Volume 2. Part 3. Kentucky. Characteristics of the Population. Table 4. Race, by Nativity and Sex, for the State: 1850 to 1940. p.174 (online); see Ethelbert Fitz Randolph Cox, Declaration of Intention, No.185 9 7111, September 19, 1933 (Ancestry); see Sidney Ross, Petition for Naturalization, N.5, August 16, 1918 (Ancestry); "Allied aliens at Buell must be naturalized," The Lexington Herald, 07/14/1918, p.10; see Edna S. Dumont, List or Manifest of Alien Passengers for the United States, July 4, 1919 (Ancestry); "R. H. Stanley Livingston, retired insurance official," The Sun (Baltimore, MA), 01/23/1974, p.A9.
GO TO:
Introduction / 1850 / 1860 / 1870 / 1880 / 1890 / 1900 / 1910 / 1920 / 1930 / 1940 / 1950