From NKAA, Notable Kentucky African Americans Database (main entry)
Immigration from the West Indies to Kentucky, USA [1880]
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* The population center of the United States was located in Boone County, KY, in 1880. It was the first and last time the population center was located in Kentucky. [Population Center - the average location of where people in the United States currently live. U.S. Census Bureau.]
* The foreign-born population in Kentucky continued to decline from 63,398 in 1880 to 59,356 in 1890. The Commissioner of Immigration in Kentucky had not been able to attract a significant population of foreign-born persons to live in Kentucky. SOURCES: Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung. Historical census statistics on the foreign-born population of the United States, 1850 to 2000. Working Paper No.81. Bureau of the Census. Population Division. (online); "The Geological Survey," The Courier-Journal, 04/23/1880, p.2.
* In 1879, a Select Committee was appointed by the U.S. Senate and charged with investigating why African Americans were emigrating north. The report was published in the U.S Senate, Executive Document no. 693, 46th Congress 2nd Session, GPO 1880.
* February 26, 1885. The Alien Contract Labor Law, aka the Foran Act, prohibited the importation and migration of workers from other countries to work under contract in the United States. SOURCE: Orth, Samuel P. "The Alien Contract Law." Political Science Quarterly, v.22, no.1, March 1907, pp.49-60 (online at JStor).
* October 7, 1886. Slavery is abolished in Cuba. SOURCE: Scott, Rebecca J. "Gradual Abolition and the Dynamics of Slave Emancipation in Cuba, 1868-86." Hispanic American Historical Review (1983) 63 (3): 449–477. (Online at Duke University Press, August 1, 1983.)
* In 1880, there were 24 persons enumerated in the U.S. Census as born in the West Indies and living in Kentucky. In addition, there were 6 born in Cuba. Some of their names are below.
NAMES:
Johnnie Bohan (b.1825), enumerated as Mulatto and born in Cuba. He was a servant who lived with the Lawrence Bohan family in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County).
Louis Frederic Gustave Bouscaren (1840-1904), see in 1860 above.
Jane Gilmore Condor (1841-1920), see in 1850 above.
Mary Ellen Tynes Connell (1859-1937), enumerated as white and born in Bridgetown, Barbados. She was the daughter of Thomas and Mary E. Tynes. The family lived in Globe School House, KY (Greenup County). Mary E. Tynes was the wife of James Buchanan Connell, a bank clerk. By 1910, Mary E. Connell was a widow living in Portsmouth, OH. She was working as a copyist. Mary E. Connell died and is buried in Portsmouth, OH.
James R. Cunningham (1853-1943), see in 1860 above.
Laura Gerding (1834-1881), see in 1870 above.
Joseph Goff (b.1860), enumerated as white and born in Cuba. He was the son of Mary Goff. The family of five lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). Joseph was a saddler.
Adele Combe Hawes (1823-1892), see in 1850 above.
Aurelia Josephine Hawes (1822-1894), see in 1850 above.
Charles John Helm, II (1855-1903), see in 1860 above.
Hannah Ivinson Jacobs (1840-1921), enumerated as white and born in Santa Cruz (St. Croix). Her parents were from England. She was the wife of George W. Jacobs, a U.S. Civil War veteran who was a farmer in Raleigh, KY (Union County). The couple had three children. Hannah I. Jacobs died and is buried in Linn County, Oregon.
Slyvester Knoerr (1846-1931), enumerated as white and born in Cuba. His parents were German. Sylvester Knoerr was the husband of Othilia Dreschler Knoerr, they were the parents of four children. The family lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County). Slyvester Knoerr was a brick mason. He died and is buried in Louisville, KY.
Thomas E. Lesley (1844-1919), see in 1870 above.
S. Lucy Phillips (b.1860), enumerated as white and born in Barbados. She was a servant with the Thomes E. and Mary E. Tynes family in Globe School House, KY (Greenup County).
Charles G. Seivers (1815-1882), see in 1860 above.
Mary Sheldon (b.1844), enumerated as white and born in the West Indies. She was the wife of George W. Sheldon, a printer. The couple lived in Paducah, KY (McCracken County).
Thomas Edward Tynes (1834-1892) and Mary E. Tynes (1839-1914), both enumerated as white and born in Barbados. They were the parents of Mary Ellen Tynes Connell and three other children. Thomas E. Tynes was a miner. The family lived in Globe School House, KY (Greenup County), in 1880, and later moved to Portsmouth, OH. Thomas E. and Mary E. Tynes are buried in Portsmouth, OH.
Louise Zwathaz (b.1869) and Maria Zwathaz (b.1872), were enumerated as white and born in the West Indies. They lived in Louisville, KY (Jefferson County), with Kate Zwathaz and the Cook family.
SOURCES: see "2020 Center of Population Press Kit: What is the Center of Population?," U.S. Census Bureau (online); "Immigration Bureau Bill," Courier-Journal, 03/15/1880, p.2; Tam'ra-Kay Francis. "West Indian Migration to the United States," 01/27/2022, a BlackPast.org article (online); 1880 Census: Volume 1, Statistics of the Population of the United States. Population by Race, Sex, and Nativity. Table XIII. Showing the Nativities of Foreign-Born Population, pp.492 and 495 (online); 1880 Census schedules; "C. J. Helm, 111, dies of attack," The Courier-Journal, 02/23/1954, p.2; "Death claims Judge C. J. Helm," The Kentucky Post, 09/19/1903, front page; Charles J. Helm, II at Find a Grave; See Thomas E. Tynes at Find a Grave; see Mary E. Tynes at Find a Grave; Ancestry.com.
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