Marion County (KY) Enslaved, Free Blacks, and Free Mulattoes, 1850-1870
Prior to becoming Marion County, the area contained a Roman Catholic settlement with a population from Maryland and was home to the first Roman Catholic church built in Kentucky. Located in central Kentucky, Marion County was formed from a portion of Washington County in 1834. It is surrounded by seven counties and named for Francis Marion, a veteran of the Revolutionary War known for his guerrilla warfare skills. The county seat Lebanon was established in 1814 by Benedict Spadling and John Handley and named for the Biblical Lebanon.
The 1840 population was 1,449 [heads of households], according to the U.S. Federal Census, increasing to 9,114 by 1860, excluding the enslaved. Below are the numbers for the slave holders, enslaved, free Blacks, and free Mulattoes for 1850-1870.
1850 Slave Schedule
- 579 slave owners
- 2,618 Black slaves
- 463 Mulatto slaves
- 54 free Blacks
- 16 free Mulattoes
1860 Slave Schedule
- 628 slave owners
- 2,845 Black slaves
- 636 Mulatto slaves
- 92 free Blacks
- 18 free Mulattoes
1870 U.S. Federal Census
- 2,700 Blacks
- 656 Mulattoes
- About 124 U.S. Colored Troops listed Marion County, Kentucky as their birth location.
For more see Marion County in The Kentucky Encyclopedia, edited by J. E. Kleber; History of Marion County, Kentucky vol. 1, by the Marion County Historical Society; Searching for Jim: Slavery in Sam Clemen's World, by T. Dempsey; and "McGoodwin v. Shelby" in Legal History of the Color Line: the rise and the triumph of the one-drop rule, F. W. Sweet. See the "U.S., Colored Troops Military Service Records, 1863-1865" and other military service records in Ancestry for names and additonal information.